{"id":750,"date":"2023-04-15T17:01:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-16T00:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tisbestorg.flywheelsites.com\/blog\/?p=750"},"modified":"2024-03-26T10:44:38","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T17:44:38","slug":"science-of-giving-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tisbest.org\/posts\/science-of-giving-1\/","title":{"rendered":"What we talk about when we talk about altruism &#124; The Science of Giving Series #1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A year ago today, two pressure cooker bombs exploded at the finish line of the Boston Marathon. Terror and grief spread like shock waves across the continent, reaching our little office here in Seattle within\u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">moments of the explosion. News reports were scattered and disjointed as the nation struggled to understand what was happening, and Americans flocked in droves to social media hoping for real-time updates and reassurance. A quote began to circulate online, quickly garnering hundreds of thousands of shares:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>&#8220;When I was a boy and I would see scary things in the news, my mother would say to me, &#8216;Look for the helpers. You will always find people who are helping.\u2019&#8221;<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2014\u00a0Mister Rogers<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>With this hopeful advice in mind, we began to notice one man who seemed to appear\u2014over and over\u2014in the photos that were slowly beginning to emerge from the aftermath of the blast. We called him \u201cThe Man in the Cowboy Hat\u201d and it would be several days before we knew his name and the <a title=\"Science of Giving\" href=\"http:\/\/parade.condenast.com\/273380\/linzlowe\/the-man-in-the-cowboy-hat-boston-marathon-hero-carlos-arredondo-shares-his-story\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of events<\/a> that led him to be at the Boston Marathon that day. All we knew was that this man seemingly appeared out of nowhere and began doing what we couldn\u2019t do as we watched powerlessly from our homes and offices: he helped.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-757 alignright\" style=\"margin: 10px 15px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tisbest.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Glowing-Brain-small-250x300.jpg\" alt=\"The Science of Giving\" width=\"250\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.tisbest.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Glowing-Brain-small-250x300.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.tisbest.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Glowing-Brain-small-768x922.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.tisbest.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Glowing-Brain-small.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><br \/>\nAltruism, as defined by UC Berkeley\u2019s Greater Good Science Center, \u201cis when we act to promote someone else\u2019s welfare, even at a risk or cost to ourselves.\u201d Carlos Arredondo, our man in the cowboy hat, is a now iconic example of our potential to take selfless action in times of crisis, but each of us act altruistically in hundreds of different ways in our day-to-day lives. These actions, such as holding the door for someone or dropping spare change into a beggar\u2019s cup, and those of Mr. Arrendondo, share the same origins in our brains. From monumental acts of heroism to everyday moments of kindness, research has been able to pinpoint precisely what\u2019s happening in our gray matter when presented with an opportunity to give.<br \/>\nImagine you\u2019ve been handed $100 with the option to give some, all or none of that money to charity. Whatever you don\u2019t give away, you get to keep. If we used an fMRI scan, a technique that measures blood flow to track brain activity, to look at your brain while you were deciding what to do with your money, we\u2019d notice some fascinating activity in areas of the brain we typically associate with pleasure and reward. When subjects were <a title=\"The Science of Giving\" href=\"http:\/\/harbaugh.uoregon.edu\/Papers\/HMB%202007%20Science%20Tax%20Give.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">asked to perform this task<\/a> at the University of Oregon, neuroeconomist Dr. William Harbaugh noticed an interesting amount of activity in the nucleus accumbens, a part of the brain\u2019s mesolimbic reward system which processes unexpected rewards and produces the pleasure chemical dopamine.<br \/>\nDr. Jordan Grafman, a neuroscientist at the University of Chicago, performed <a title=\"The Science of Giving\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/103\/42\/15623.full?maxtoshow=&amp;HITS=10&amp;hits=10&amp;RESULTFORMAT=&amp;fulltext=grafman&amp;searchid=1&amp;FIRSTINDEX=0&amp;resourcetype=HWCIT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a similar study <\/a>by giving participants the opportunity to give money to charity or reject the charity and take the money home after the study. FMRI scans showed significant activation in the mesolimbic reward system as participants made their decisions. Dr. Grafman and his colleagues were surprised to find that the same areas of the brain reacted when participants gave to charity as when they placed the money in their personal account to take home. This research suggests that giving and altruism are inherently self-rewarding: our brains create a positive reinforcement for altruism in the same areas that reward food, drugs, money and sex. Additionally, Dr. Grafman noticed that an area of the brain that regulates the production of oxytocin, a hormone that plays a critical role in social connection, also played a key role in decisions about giving, suggesting that altruism and social relationships are inextricably related.<br \/>\nDrs. Grafman and Harbaugh\u2019s research also helps explain why witnessing acts of altruism, such as Carlos Arredondo\u2019s selfless heroism in the aftermath of the Boston bombings, gives us such warm feeling of hope, joy and pleasure. Our brains are not only wired to encourage our own generous behavior, but also to appreciate and be influenced by acts of kindness carried out by others, a phenomenon <a title=\"The Science of Giving\" href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0087275\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">described by one study<\/a> as the \u201csocial contagion\u201d of generosity.<br \/>\nAltruism doesn\u2019t appear to be limited to adults making a cognitive assessment of the choices at hand. Very young children who are unable to weigh the cost and benefits of acting altruistically have been shown, time and again, to seek out and enjoy opportunities for giving and helping behavior. In fact, dozens of species throughout the animal kingdom also display levels of altruism, from ants spending their entire lives in the service of the colony to vampire bats that routinely share food with members of their group that are in danger of starving.<br \/>\nAll of this research helps to explain what we\u2019ve known for generations, what Anne Frank eloquently described in one simple sentence: \u201cNo one has ever become poor by giving.\u201d What we get when we give is just as essential to our well-being as what we\u2019ve chosen to sacrifice. And although some acts of altruism may be motivated by the desire for recognition or simply because we want to feel good, this behavior is hard-wired as deeply and unavoidably as our yearning to be close to those we love the most.<br \/>\nTragedies such as the Boston Marathon bombing may continue to befall our society. We may never be able to escape grief. But if we look for the helpers we\u2019ll find that altruism manifests all around us in many unique and wonderful ways. With every act of generosity we shape our evolution as a species, ensuring that altruism remains deeply engrained in our biological and social fabric.\u00a0Our own moments of kindness are just as heroic to the people in our lives as those of The Man in the Cowboy Hat. In the chaos and confusion of our daily lives, <i>we<\/i> are the helpers, the Carlos Arredondos for the people whose lives will be forever influenced by our presence.<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A year ago today, two pressure cooker bombs exploded at the finish line of the Boston Marathon. Terror and grief spread like shock waves across the continent, reaching our little office here in Seattle within\u00a0moments of the explosion. News reports were scattered and disjointed as the nation struggled to understand what was happening, and Americans&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-of-giving"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Science of Giving Series #1 TisBest<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In our six part series we look at the science behind philanthropy and giving and what it means for the individual person emotionally and pschologically.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tisbest.org\/posts\/science-of-giving-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Science of Giving Series #1 TisBest\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In our six part series we look at the science behind philanthropy and giving and what it means for the individual person emotionally and pschologically.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.tisbest.org\/posts\/science-of-giving-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TisBest\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TisBest\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-16T00:01:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-26T17:44:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.tisbest.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/ScienceOfGivingSeries1-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@tisbest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@tisbest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.tisbest.org\\\/posts\\\/science-of-giving-1\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.tisbest.org\\\/posts\\\/science-of-giving-1\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.tisbest.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a41965a7b9855478bffd2da69ada28c4\"},\"headline\":\"What we talk about when we talk about altruism &#124; 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